Draw the major organic product of the reaction shown.
In the realm of organic chemistry, the synthesis of complex organic molecules often involves the transformation of simpler compounds through various reaction pathways. One such reaction that has been widely studied and utilized in organic synthesis is the nucleophilic substitution reaction. This reaction type involves the replacement of an atom or a group of atoms in a molecule by a nucleophile, which is an electron-rich species. The major organic product of the reaction shown in this article is a crucial compound in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.
The reaction depicted in the figure involves the nucleophilic substitution of a halogen atom in an alkyl halide with a hydroxide ion. This reaction proceeds via an SN2 mechanism, where the nucleophile attacks the carbon atom bearing the leaving group from the backside, leading to the inversion of configuration at the carbon center. The resulting product is a primary alcohol, which is a versatile intermediate in organic synthesis.
The reaction conditions for this nucleophilic substitution reaction typically include a polar protic solvent, such as water or alcohols, and a base, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The choice of base and solvent is crucial for the success of the reaction, as they can influence the reaction rate and the selectivity of the product.
To draw the major organic product of the reaction shown, follow these steps:
1. Identify the alkyl halide and the hydroxide ion in the reactants.
2. Draw the carbon atom bearing the leaving group, which is the halogen atom in this case.
3. Draw the nucleophile, which is the hydroxide ion, attacking the carbon atom from the backside.
4. Invert the configuration at the carbon center, resulting in a primary alcohol.
5. Add the necessary hydrogen atoms to complete the structure of the product.
The resulting major organic product of the reaction is a primary alcohol, which can be further transformed into various derivatives through subsequent reactions. This compound is of significant importance in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic compounds.
In conclusion, the nucleophilic substitution reaction depicted in the figure is a fundamental reaction in organic chemistry. The major organic product, a primary alcohol, serves as a valuable intermediate in the synthesis of numerous organic compounds. Understanding the reaction mechanism and the factors influencing the reaction outcome is essential for the successful execution of organic synthesis.
